The Great Buffalo Roundup at Custer State Park in South Dakota
Explore the Magic of Custer State Park: From Granite Spires to the Buffalo Round-Up
Nestled in the southeast corner of South Dakota’s iconic Black Hills, just a stone’s throw from Mount Rushmore, lies the breathtaking Custer State Park—a place where the Old West and New West come together in perfect harmony. This isn’t just any park—Custer State Park proudly holds the title of South Dakota’s first and largest state park, and it’s brimming with history, wildlife, and wide-open adventure.
Dating back to 1897, the park’s story is as rich as the landscape it protects. From early land exchanges to the passionate efforts of Governor Peter Norbeck, the land was carefully curated and eventually transformed from state school lands into the awe-inspiring Custer State Forest, and later, into the beloved park we know today. Stretching over a vast and varied terrain of rolling prairies and rugged mountain peaks, Custer State Park is home to a thriving array of wildlife—including majestic bison and long-horned sheep—and was officially designated as a game preserve in 1913.
What to See & Do in Custer State Park
If you’re heading into the park, chances are your journey begins on the unforgettable Needles Highway. This 14-mile stretch is more than just a road; it’s a scenic adventure packed with jaw-dropping views and natural wonders at every turn. You’ll wind through narrow granite tunnels, navigate thrilling hairpin curves, and cruise past the striking, needlelike rock formations that give this iconic route its name.
There are so many photogenic spots along the way, making this scenic ride a favorite for both sightseers and shutterbugs alike. Whether you’re in it for the views, the thrill of the drive, or simply a great photo op, Needles Highway is a must-see experience that sets the tone for an epic day in the park.
Once believed to be an impossible feat of engineering, Needles Highway is now one of South Dakota’s most breathtaking drives, all thanks to the vision and determination of Governor Peter Norbeck. He scouted the entire route himself, not from behind a desk, but by trekking on foot and horseback through the rugged Black Hills terrain. What he helped bring to life is nothing short of a masterpiece: a winding road that showcases both natural wonder and human ingenuity.
Tucked away along the scenic Needles Highway, Sylvan Lake is truly a hidden gem—or, as many call it, the crown jewel of Custer State Park. Surrounded by stunning granite rock formations that appear to cradle the water like a natural bowl, this man-made lake offers a peaceful and unforgettable experience. Whether you’re dipping your toes into the crystal-clear water or simply soaking in the tranquil setting, it’s easy to see why this spot is a favorite for so many visitors.
Another of the standout moments on this scenic journey is the Needles Eye Tunnel—a narrow passage just 8 feet 4 inches wide and 12 feet high, carved directly through solid granite. Driving through it is a heart-pounding thrill that feels like threading a needle with your vehicle! It’s a bit of a squeeze, but once you’re on the other side, you’ll feel like you’ve just completed an epic adventure.
After you’ve had your fill of rock spires and snaking turns, slow things down with a relaxing cruise along the park’s Wildlife Loop Road. This 18-mile stretch offers wide-open views of rolling grasslands and pine-dotted hills—plus, it’s prime real estate for spotting wildlife. From massive herds of bison (up to 1,400 of them!) to whitetail deer, bighorn sheep, coyotes, prairie dogs, and even the occasional eagle, it’s like driving through your own personal nature documentary. Just remember: while the bison may look calm and friendly, it’s best to admire them from the safety of your vehicle!
One of the most amusing—and surprisingly heartwarming—sights along the Wildlife Loop is the appearance of its unofficial greeters: the begging burros! These gentle, uncommonly friendly donkeys have made quite a name for themselves, charming visitors with their bold personalities and curious snouts. Most often spotted near the southeastern tip of the loop, these furry locals have a habit of blocking traffic just to say hello.
Though it’s tempting to share a carrot or cracker, it’s important to remember that park rules prohibit feeding wildlife. Even though generations of visitors have shared apples, carrots, and other snacks with them (despite park rules), it’s best to admire these fluffy freeloaders with care and good judgment. That said, the burros have been part of the park’s charm for over a century. Originally brought in as pack animals for visitors climbing Black Elk Peak, they were released after their services were no longer needed. Now, their descendants continue to roam freely and delight visitors with their friendly antics.
Winding through the heart of Custer State Park, Iron Mountain Road is a 17-mile stretch of pure scenic wonder. Once deemed impossible to build by engineers, this road has since earned a reputation as one of the most captivating drives in America. Designed with purpose, its dramatic switchbacks, graceful S-curves, and unique pigtail bridges aren’t just engineering feats—they’re invitations to slow down, take it all in, and truly connect with the beauty around you.
Often nicknamed “the road to Mount Rushmore,” this route treats drivers to occasional, peek-a-boo views of the iconic monument as they approach the end of the journey. Every trip down Iron Mountain Road feels a little different. With constantly changing landscapes and the surprise chance of spotting bison, antelope, deer, or even bighorn sheep, it’s more than just a drive—it’s an experience.
What is the Great Buffalo Round-Up?
Every September, something truly magical happens in Custer State Park—an event that brings together the rich heritage of the Old West and the awe-inspiring power of nature. It’s the annual buffalo roundup, where over 1,300 American bison thunder across the prairie in a breathtaking display of strength and tradition.
Although we often use the terms buffalo and bison interchangeably, it’s important to note that the stars of this roundup are actually American bison, not buffalo. These majestic creatures, with their shaggy coats and iconic humps, are a powerful symbol of the American frontier.
When Is the Great Buffalo Round-Up?
Every fall, the rolling hills of South Dakota come alive with the thunder of hooves across the vast prairie during the Buffalo Roundup and Auction—a tradition that’s been going strong for over 50 years. With more than 20,000 spectators gathering each year, it’s more than just an event; it’s a spectacle straight out of a classic western. Picture cowboys and cowgirls in wide-brimmed hats and fringed chaps, riding horseback as they skillfully guide a massive bison herd across streams and rugged terrain into waiting corrals. But the roundup isn’t just for show — it plays a vital role in the health and sustainability of both the bison and the park’s ecosystem. Once in the corrals, the bison are checked, sorted, and some are selected for the fall auction. Since the park can only support about 1,000 bison through the winter months, around 400 surplus animals are sold, helping to maintain a healthy balance and support the South Dakota Park System’s operations.
In addition to the thrilling Buffalo Round-Up, visitors can enjoy the lively and colorful Custer State Park Arts and Crafts Festival—a celebration of creativity, culture, and community! Held on the festival grounds right across from the Peter Norbeck Outdoor Education Center, this annual event brings together over 150 talented vendors who showcase everything from handcrafted jewelry and pottery to unique artwork and home décor.
Under the big top, you’ll find Western and Native American entertainment that adds a rich cultural flair to the festivities. Live music, artisan demonstrations, and hands-on activities create a welcoming, interactive atmosphere. And let’s not forget about the delicious local eats—food and beverage vendors serve up regional favorites that are sure to satisfy any craving. Surrounded by the stunning natural beauty of Custer State Park, this festival is a truly unforgettable part of the Buffalo Round-Up experience.
With its jaw-dropping landscapes and abundant wildlife, it’s easy to see why Custer State Park is ranked among the World’s Top Ten Wildlife Destinations. Whether you’re here for the granite wonders or the unforgettable animal encounters, there’s truly something magical around every bend.
